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Unser-Schutz, Giancarla. "Language as the visual: Exploring the intersection of linguistic and visual language in manga." Image [&] Narrative 12. 1 2011. Accessed 29Mar. 2011. <http://www.imageandnarr ... ve/article/view/131/102>. 
Added by: joachim (3/29/11, 8:26 PM)   
Resource type: Web Article
Language: en: English
Peer reviewed
BibTeX citation key: UnserSchutz2011
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Categories: General
Keywords: Intermediality, Japan, Language, Manga
Creators: Unser-Schutz
Collection: Image [&] Narrative
Views: 10/737
Attachments   URLs   http://www.imagean ... ticle/view/131/102
Abstract
In manga studies, a distinction is made between linguistic text (language) and visual language. However, because linguistic text is mediated by visual structures, there is a a tendency to assume that it is a secondary element. I would argue, however, that examination of both languages might give a better idea of how manga functions, and start that process here by looking at two manga text types: handwritten lines, thoughts and authorial comments. Visually differentiated from other texts, and more common in series for girls (shōjo-manga), I compare them with Ōtsuka's (1994) highly-visual monologues from 1970s/1980s shōjo-manga, and demonstrate similarities to Takeuchi's (2005) mediator and spectator characters, and argue that these texts offer a sense of closeness to authors while also visually-coding data in terms of relevance. While non-essential secondary text, their visual-encoding offers a space of dynamic interpretation, with readerships able to ignore or read them as per their needs.
Added by: joachim  
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